Dr. Weeks’ Comment: Grape seeds are powerful medicine – that is why everyone who takes SOUL gets these benefits.
Oncol Rep. 2004 Mar;11(3):681-5.
Anti-angiogenic efficacy of grape seed extract in endothelial cells.
Agarwal C1, Singh RP, Dhanalakshmi S, Agarwal R.
Abstract
The present study is focused on the investigation of in vitro angiogenic potential of grape seed extract (GSE). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in culture were used to assess the effect of GSE on proliferation, survival, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secretion and capillary tube formation. Our data show that GSE significantly inhibited cell growth (< or =91%, P<0.001) and cell viability (< or =64%, P<0.005) of HUVEC. Further studies by BrdU incorporation and annexin V staining showed that GSE strongly inhibits DNA synthesis (< or =76%, P<0.001) and induces apoptotic cell death (< or =42.8% versus control 2.6%, P<0.05) in HUVEC, respectively. Similar GSE treatment decreased secreted levels of MMP-2 from HUVEC. GSE also inhibited capillary tube formation on Matrigel by endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that GSE possesses an anti-angiogenic potential, which is associated with its antiproliferative, proapoptotic and inhibition of MMP-2 secretion in endothelial cells. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the in vivo anti-angiogenic efficacy of GSE for its possible usefulness in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2019 Jun 13;3(Suppl 1). pii: nzz030.P05-017-19. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzz030.P05-017-19. eCollection 2019 Jun.
AND…
Muscadine Grape Extract Reduces Lung and Liver Metastasis in Mice with Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Association with Changes in the Gut Microbiome (P05-017-19).
Collard M1, Austin N2, Tallant A1, Gallagher P1.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
The goal of this study was to determine if a proprietary muscadine grape seed and skin extract (MGE) inhibits triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis and alters the gut microbiota.
RESULTS:
MGE reduced Ki67 cell positivity in the lungs and livers of mice, indicating reduced metastatic proliferation (9.3 ± 0.9% vs 6.2 ± 0.7% and 5.0 ± 1.5% vs 0.77 ± 0.2% cells, respectively; P < 0.01), and decreased cancer associated fibroblasts in the lungs (5.3 ± 1.0% vs 3.0 ± 0.5% cells; P < 0.05), which are associated with metastasis. MGE significantly reduced the number (4.7 ± 0.7 vs 2.2 ± 0.4 tumors/field; P < 0.01) and size (1358 ± 48 vs 1121 ± 47 pixels; P < 0.01) of liver metastases, resulting in decreased metastatic tumor burden (6656 ± 1220 vs 3096 ± 644 total area in pixels; P < 0.01). Attenuated TNBC metastasis correlated with MGE-induced changes in gut microbiota. Alpha diversity (4.15 ± 0.10 vs 4.51 ± 0.13 Shannon index; P < 0.05) and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (0.37 ± 0.07 vs 0.76 ± 0.12; P < 0.05) were significantly increased in MGE-treated mice, indicating enhanced microbial richness and increased energy harvest by the gut microbiome. Butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Butyricicoccus and Lachnospiraceae, were increased with MGE (P < 0.05) as well as the anti-inflammatory compound butyrate relative to other short-chain fatty acids (25.0 ± 2.7% vs 75.3 ± 15.5%; P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS:
These data show that MGE attenuates TNBC metastasis in association with alterations in the gut microbiome, suggesting that MGE may be an effective treatment against TNBC metastatic progression.